Estimating the starting time and identifying the type of urbanization based on dense time series of landsat-derived Vegetation-Impervious-Soil (V-I-S) maps – A case study of North Taiwan from 1990 to 2015     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Land cover and land use change (LCLUC) is a global phenomenon, and LCLUC in urbanizing regions has substantial impacts on humans and their environments. In this paper, a semi-automatic approach to identifying the type and starting time of urbanization was developed and tested based on dense time series of Vegetation-Impervious-Soil (V-I-S) maps derived from Landsat surface reflectance imagery. The accuracy of modeled V-I-S fractions and the estimated time of initial change in impervious cover were assessed. North Taiwan, one of the regions of the island of Taiwan that experienced the greatest urban LCLUC, was chosen as a test area, and the study period is 1990 to 2015, a period of substantial urbanization. In total, 295 dates of Landsat imagery were used to create 295 V-I-S fraction maps that were used to construct fractional cover time series for each pixel. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)s for the modeled Vegetation, Impervious, and Soil were 25 %, 22 %, 24 % respectively. The time of Urban Expansion is estimated by logistic regression applied to Impervious cover time series, while the time of change for Urban Renewal is determined by the period of brief Soil exposure. The identified location and estimated time for newly urbanized lands were generally accurate, with 80% of Urban Expansion estimated within ±2.4 years. However, the accuracy of identified Urban Renewal was relatively low. Our approach to identifying Urban Expansion with dense time series of Landsat imagery is shown to be reliable, while Urban Renewal identification is not.  相似文献   

潮页1井钻探施工技术          下载免费PDF全文

王世炬  刘昕伟  王烁  徐明曙  纪卫军 《探矿工程》2020,47(10):33-37

潮页1井是在潮水盆地布置的第一口页岩气资源调查井，取心质量要求较高，地层有大段泥页岩层段，易水化剥落，施工难度大。本文着重介绍了潮页1井取心工艺、钻头选型、冲洗液技术及井斜控制技术等相关的施工经验。潮页1井采用大口径绳索取心技术，第四系地层以深全井取心，该技术在甘肃地区鲜有可供参考的施工案例，而该井岩心采取率接近90%。钻进过程中通过选用合理的钻进参数和护壁性能较强的冲洗液体系，解决了施工中遇到的地层“打滑”、井壁稳定性差等技术难点，保障了潮页1井的顺利完工。  相似文献   

沁水盆地南部长治区块煤层气田的地应力特征     

戴朝霞  孙蓓蕾  曾凡桂 《现代地质》2020,34(2):266-272

煤层气的生成、运移及富集等都与地应力的特征有直接的关系,掌握煤储层的应力特征对煤层气田的勘探和开发具有重要意义。基于沁水盆地南部长治区块煤层气开发区18口煤层气井的测井数据,利用带有残余构造应力的Anderson模型,分析垂向应力、最小及最大水平地应力的分布规律。结果表明:垂向应力基本上呈东西走向对称分布,东西部的应力大,中部应力小,数值在15.2~16.5 MPa之间;最小水平主应力自西向东呈现高→低→高→低的分布特点,数值在10.2~19.3 MPa之间;最大水平主应力也是自西向东呈现高→低→高→低的分布,数值在13.0~34.2 MPa之间。研究区东部所受埋深影响大于所受构造影响,而西部受到的构造影响大于其所受的埋深影响。研究区地应力分布规律与煤层气井的产气量存在高度相关性,研究成果可以为煤层气的勘探、开发和安全生产等方面提供参考。  相似文献   

祁连山冻土区天然气水合物地球化学迁移机理探讨     

张富贵  秦爱华  祝有海  孙忠军  张舜尧  王惠艳  杨志斌  周亚龙 《矿床地质》2020,39(2):326-336

陆域冻土区天然气水合物成矿机制较为复杂,水合物横向难以对比,形成机理不清楚,急需对天然气水合物迁移机理进行研究。文章根据祁连山冻土区天然气水合物发现区钻井揭示的地质和地球化学资料以及岩芯样品分析测试结果进行了综合分析。结果显示,研究区中侏罗统和上三叠统均为较好烃源岩,天然水合物气源以热解气为主,主要由上三叠烃源岩迁移和中侏罗统木里组烃源岩扩散提供,显示了多源多期次的特点。根据地质和地球化学分析,祁连山天然气水合物的形成经历了晚侏罗世—早白垩世的气体运移与聚集、中新世中晚期—上新世整体抬升、第四纪游离气体转化成天然气水合物矿藏3个阶段,经历了"先聚集-再抬升-后成藏"等过程,是构造-气候耦合作用的结果,初步建立了祁连山冻土区天然气水合物迁移机理。  相似文献   

Sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary model of Shanxi Formation in northeast Zhoukou Depression of the North China Plate     

《China Geology》2020,3(4):575-590

The sequence stratigraphic framework of Shanxi Formation in the northeast Zhoukou Depression was established based on detailed sequence stratigraphical and sedimentological analysis by utilizing the logging and core data of six wells drilled in the eastern tectonic unit of Zhoukou Depression. It was divided into three third-order sequences, namely SQs1, SQs2, and SQs3 from bottom to top. Each sequence can be divided into a transgressive system tract (TST) and a highstand system tract (HST). Furthermore, four sequence boundaries and three maximum flooding surfaces were identified, and they are the bottom interface SBs and maximum flooding surface mfss1 of SQs1, the bottom interface SBs1 and maximum flooding surface mfss2 of SQs2, the bottom interface SBs3 and maximum flooding surface mfss3 of SQs3, and the top interface SBx from bottom to top. Carbonate tidal flat –clastic tidal flat sedimentary system developed in Shanxi Formation in the northeast Zhoukou Depression (also referred to as the study area) under the control of regression. Meanwhile, four sedimentary microfacies were identified in the sedimentary system, which are lime-mud flats, sand flats, mixed flats, and mud flats. The transgression in the study area occurred from the southeast to the northwest. Therefore, the northwestern part is the seaward side, and the southeastern part is the landward side. As revealed by relevant drilling data, SQs1 of the Shanxi Formation is characterized by the development of limestone and carbonaceous mudstone, with limestone, dark mudstone, and carbonaceous mudstone mainly developing. Meanwhile, lime-mud flats were mainly deposited in it. During the periods of SQs2 and SQs3, the sedimentary environment of the study area changed from the carbonate tidal flats to clastic tidal flats as the coastline migrated towards the sea. In these periods, sand flats mainly developed near the maximum flooding surfaces and were relatively continuous in the eastern and southern parts of the transgressive system tract; mixed flats were relatively continuous in the western and northern parts of the transgressive system tract as well as the eastern and southern parts of the highstand system tract; mud flats widely developed in the highstand system tract. Peat flats mainly developed in the period of HSTs2, with coal seams relatively developing in the southeastern part of the study area as revealed by drilling data. The peat flats in SQs2 are favorable hydrocarbon source layers, the lime-mud flats in SQs1 and sand flats formed in the transgression periods of SQs2 and SQs3 constitute favorable hydrocarbon reservoirs, and the mud flats form in the transgressions periods serve as favorable cap rocks. Therefore, the study area features a reservoir-cap assemblage for self-generating and self-storing of hydrocarbon, and the southeastern part of the study area can be taken as a favorable exploration area.  相似文献   

中国石化枯竭气藏型储气库注采技术及发展建议   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何祖清 《地质与勘探》2020,56(3):605-613

经长输管线输送的天然气注入到地下空间而形成的人工气藏称为地下储气库。国内外现有储气库大多数是枯竭气藏型地下储气库。中国石化储气库建设起步较晚,基础较为薄弱,同时与国内外已建成储气库相比,中石化储气库建设面临的地质条件和注采工况也较为复杂。以中国在建最大储气库项目中原文23储气库为例,其复杂地质条件以及面临的"快瞬变非稳态增压"注采难题需要进行专门研究。分析了目前中石化枯竭型气藏储气库建库现状,提出了建库技术挑战,总结了现阶段取得的注采关键技术研究成果,通过分析中国石化枯竭气藏型储气库注采技术研究现状和最新进展,提出了国产化技术完善、智能化注采营运、一体化模拟实验室的建设等方面的发展建议和要求,为持续加强规模化储气库群建设的支持提供参考。  相似文献   

珠江口盆地荔湾凹陷上渐新统—早中新统物源特征及其对沉积充填的影响     

邢作昌  张忠涛  林畅松  张博  洪方浩  张正涛 《中国地质》2020,47(5):1577-1588

利用化学蚀变指数法恢复物源区的风化历史及沉积物通量是一种经济实用、行之有效的方法。前人对珠江口盆地荔湾凹陷对应物源区的研究相对薄弱。本文通过对区内岩心测试数据进行化学蚀变指数分析，恢复晚渐新世—早中新世物源区的风化历史，并进行沉积物通量的估算，在此基础上探讨物源特征对研究区内沉积充填的控制作用。研究表明，晚渐新世研究区对应物源区经历了强烈风化阶段，该阶段产生的丰富的沉积物供给是研究区西北部快速进积、规模壮观的陆架边缘三角洲及斜坡重力流沉积体系发育的重要控制因素之一；早中新世，西北物源区风化减弱，沉积供给减少，但研究区东部沉积物供应较西部要充分得多，表明早中新世，研究区南部除了来自西北部的主要物源外，局部物源对该时期的沉积具有重要影响；推测东部物源(东部古隆起、兴宁古隆起)的突然复活是促进研究区东部早中新世沟槽形成发育的重要原因之一。在超深水区进行沉积物源区的研究中，这种半定量的方法对盆内局部物源的确定具有重要的指示意义。  相似文献   

橡胶砂弹性动力学参数的弯曲-伸缩元试验研究     

姚玉文  刘方成  补国斌  景立平 《岩土力学》2020,41(7):2369-2379

橡胶砂作为一种廉价环保的土工材料，应用前景十分广阔，关于其力学特性的研究具有重要意义。采用弯曲–伸缩元法对橡胶砂进行了剪切波和压缩波联合测试，分别采用离散频率扫描法和初达波法确定了剪切波和压缩波的传播时间，进而得到其弹性动力学参数：初始剪切模量、侧限模量和泊松比，分析了橡胶含量和围压对橡胶砂弹性动力学参数的影响。结果表明：在同样围压下，随着橡胶含量的增加，橡胶砂初始剪切模量和侧限模量逐渐减小，初始泊松比逐渐增大；在同样橡胶含量下，随着围压的增大，橡胶砂初始剪切模量和侧限模量逐渐增大，初始泊松比逐渐减小。最后，在此基础上进行了两种因素耦合效应的分析以及相关力学机制的探讨。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶系马六段白云岩特征及形成机制研究     

刘丽红  王春连  李丽霞  杜治利  唐跃  韩淼 《中国地质》2020,47(3):810-820

鄂尔多斯盆地马六段在盆地大部分地区被剥蚀,仅在盆地周缘地区分布,因此,有关该盆地马六段白云岩成因研究较少。本文通过对马六段白云岩岩石学特征、阴极发光特征、微量元素特征以及碳氧同位素地球化学特征进行分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地南部马六段白云岩特征及形成机制进行了研究。研究结果表明,盆地南部马六段白云岩主要由细—中晶白云岩组成,白云石具"雾心亮边"结构,阴极发光呈暗红色光。微量元素总体上具有较低的Fe、Mn值,平均值分别为447×10~(-6)和62×10~(-6),较高的K、Na值,平均值分别为517×10-6和252×10~(-6),以及中等含量的Sr元素值,平均值为155×10~(-6)。δ~(13)C值平均为-0.617‰,δ~(18)O值平均为-7.6‰,以上特征均反映出海源流体特征。白云石的"雾心"和"亮边"结构中微量元素含量相差不大,认为是在相同成岩环境的不同成岩阶段形成,其中"雾心"形成于浅埋藏环境的渗透回流白云石化作用,而"亮边"是在深埋藏环境下对早期白云石的调整和加强。  相似文献   

盐源—宁蒗地区早泥盆世古地理特征及油气潜力分析     

邓敏  程锦翔  王正和  余谦  张海全  张娣  陆俊泽 《沉积与特提斯地质》2020,40(4):25-35

为了探索康滇地轴以西地质条件复杂地区的油气资源潜力，通过面积性地质调查工作与钻孔资料、分析测试资料结合，对盐源—宁蒗地区下泥盆统黑色页岩开展综合研究。研究表明：盐源—宁蒗地区早泥盆世古地理主要受康滇古陆及古特提斯构造域的构造活动控制，靠近金-箐断裂地区发育滨岸-潮坪相，古隆起围限区出现局限海湾相，远离隆起的西北部地区发育台地、陆棚、盆地相；大瓜坪组（早泥盆世晚期）发育黑色页岩（局部地区发育硅质泥岩），在羊排喜—岩口一带分布较为稳定、厚度大（20～100m），普遍含钙质，有机碳含量较高，具较高的脆性矿物含量，热演化程度适中，是重要的烃源岩和页岩气富集有利层位；黑色页岩主要发育在局限海湾环境中，羊排喜—岩口—茅坪子一线是盐源—宁蒗地区黑色页岩富集区。  相似文献